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README.md

Project Status: Active – The project has reached a stable, usablestate and is being activelydeveloped. Signedby Signed commit% Linux buildStatus Windows buildstatus CoverageStatus cranchecks CRANstatus Minimal RVersion License

htmltidy

Tidy Up and Test XPath Queries on HTML and XML Content

Description

HTML documents can be beautiful and pristine. They can also be wretched, evil, malformed demon-spawn. Now, you can tidy up that HTML and XHTML before processing it with your favorite angle-bracket crunching tools, going beyond the limited tidying that ‘libxml2’ affords in the ‘XML’ and ‘xml2’ packages and taming even the ugliest HTML code generated by the likes of Google Docs and Microsoft Word. It’s also possible to use the functions provided to format or “pretty print” HTML content as it is being tidied. Utilities are also included that make it possible to view formatted and “pretty printed” HTML/XML content from HTML/XML document objects, nodes, node sets and plain character HTML/XML using ‘vkbeautify’ (by Vadim Kiryukhin) and ‘highlight.js’ (by Ivan Sagalaev). Also (optionally) enables filtering of nodes via XPath or viewing an HTML/XML document in “tree” view using ‘XMLDisplay’ (by Lev Muchnik). See https://github.com/vkiryukhin/vkBeautify and http://www.levmuchnik.net/Content/ProgrammingTips/WEB/XMLDisplay/DisplayXMLFileWithJavascript.html for more information about ‘vkbeautify’ and ‘XMLDisplay’, respectively.

Partly inspired by this SO question and because there’s a great deal of cruddy HTML out there that needs fixing to use properly when scraping data.

It relies on a locally included version of libtidy and works on macOS, Linux & Windows.

It also incorporates an htmlwidget to view and test XPath queries on HTML/XML content and another widget to view an XML document in a collapseable tree view.

What’s Inside The Tin

  • highlight_styles: List available HTML/XML highlight styles
  • renderXmlview: Widget render function for use in Shiny
  • tidy_html.response: Tidy or “Pretty Print” HTML/XHTML Documents
  • xml_tree_view: HTML/XML tree viewer
  • xml_view: HTML/XML pretty printer and viewer
  • xmltreeview-shiny: Shiny bindings for xmltreeview
  • xmlviewOutput: Widget output function for use in Shiny

Installation

install.packages("htmltidy", repos = "https://cinc.rud.is")
# or
remotes::install_git("https://git.rud.is/hrbrmstr/htmltidy.git")
# or
remotes::install_git("https://git.sr.ht/~hrbrmstr/htmltidy")
# or
remotes::install_gitlab("hrbrmstr/htmltidy")
# or
remotes::install_bitbucket("hrbrmstr/htmltidy")
# or
remotes::install_github("hrbrmstr/htmltidy")

NOTE: To use the ‘remotes’ install options you will need to have the {remotes} package installed.

Usage

library(htmltidy)

# current verison
packageVersion("htmltidy")
## [1] '0.5.0'

library(XML)
library(xml2)
library(httr)
library(purrr)

This is really “un-tidy” content:

res <- GET("https://rud.is/test/untidy.html")
cat(content(res, as="text"))
## <head>
## <style>
## body { font-family: sans-serif; }
## </style>
## </head>
## <body>
## <b>This is <b>some <i>really </i> poorly formatted HTML</b>
## 
## as is this <span id="sp">portion<div>

Let’s see what tidy_html() does to it.

It can handle the response object directly:

cat(tidy_html(res, list(TidyDocType="html5", TidyWrapLen=200)))
## <!DOCTYPE html>
## <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
## <head>
## <meta name="generator" content=
## "HTML Tidy for HTML5 for R version 5.0.0" />
## <style>
## <![CDATA[
## body { font-family: sans-serif; }
## ]]>
## </style>
## <title></title>
## </head>
## <body>
## <b>This is some <i>really</i> poorly formatted HTML as is this
## <span id="sp">portion</span></b>
## <div><span id="sp"></span></div>
## </body>
## </html>

But, you’ll probably mostly use it on HTML you’ve identified as gnarly and already have that HTML text content handy:

cat(tidy_html(content(res, as="text"), list(TidyDocType="html5", TidyWrapLen=200)))
## <!DOCTYPE html>
## <html>
## <head>
## <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for HTML5 for R version 5.0.0">
## <style>
## body { font-family: sans-serif; }
## </style>
## <title></title>
## </head>
## <body>
## <b>This is some <i>really</i> poorly formatted HTML as is this <span id="sp">portion</span></b>
## <div><span id="sp"></span></div>
## </body>
## </html>

NOTE: you could also just have done:

cat(tidy_html(url("https://rud.is/test/untidy.html"), 
              list(TidyDocType="html5", TidyWrapLen=200)))
## <!DOCTYPE html>
## <html>
## <head>
## <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for HTML5 for R version 5.0.0">
## <style>
## body { font-family: sans-serif; }
## </style>
## <title></title>
## </head>
## <body>
## <b>This is some <i>really</i> poorly formatted HTMLas is this <span id="sp">portion</span></b>
## <div><span id="sp"></span></div>
## </body>
## </html>

You’ll see that this differs substantially from the mangling libxml2 does (via read_html()):

pg <- read_html("https://rud.is/test/untidy.html")
cat(toString(pg))
## <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
## <html>
## <head>
## <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
## <style>
## body { font-family: sans-serif; }
## </style>
## </head>
## <body>
## <b>This is <b>some <i>really </i> poorly formatted HTML</b>
## 
## as is this <span id="sp">portion<div></div></span></b>
## </body>
## </html>

It can also deal with “raw” and parsed objects:

tidy_html(content(res, as="raw"))
##   [1] 3c 21 44 4f 43 54 59 50 45 20 68 74 6d 6c 3e 0a 3c 68 74 6d 6c 20 78 6d 6c 6e 73 3d 22 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 77 77
##  [39] 77 2e 77 33 2e 6f 72 67 2f 31 39 39 39 2f 78 68 74 6d 6c 22 3e 0a 3c 68 65 61 64 3e 0a 3c 6d 65 74 61 20 6e 61 6d
##  [77] 65 3d 22 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 6f 72 22 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 3d 0a 22 48 54 4d 4c 20 54 69 64 79 20 66 6f 72 20
## [115] 48 54 4d 4c 35 20 66 6f 72 20 52 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 35 2e 30 2e 30 22 20 2f 3e 0a 3c 74 69 74 6c 65 3e 3c
## [153] 2f 74 69 74 6c 65 3e 0a 3c 2f 68 65 61 64 3e 0a 3c 62 6f 64 79 3e 0a 3c 2f 62 6f 64 79 3e 0a 3c 2f 68 74 6d 6c 3e
## [191] 0a

tidy_html(content(res, as="text", encoding="UTF-8"))
## [1] "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n<head>\n<meta name=\"generator\" content=\n\"HTML Tidy for HTML5 for R version 5.0.0\" />\n<style>\n<![CDATA[\nbody { font-family: sans-serif; }\n]]>\n</style>\n<title></title>\n</head>\n<body>\n<b>This is some <i>really</i> poorly formatted HTML as is this\n<span id=\"sp\">portion</span></b>\n<div><span id=\"sp\"></span></div>\n</body>\n</html>\n"

tidy_html(content(res, as="parsed", encoding="UTF-8"))
## {html_document}
## <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
## [1] <head>\n<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for HTML5 for R version 5.0.0">\n<meta http-equiv="Content-Type ...
## [2] <body>\n<b>This is some <i>really</i> poorly formatted HTML as is this\n<span id="sp">portion</span></b>\n<div><s ...
tidy_html(suppressWarnings(htmlParse("https://rud.is/test/untidy.html")))
## <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
## <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
## <head>
## <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for HTML5 for R version 5.0.0">
## <title></title>
## </head>
## <body>
## <p>https://rud.is/test/untidy.html</p>
## </body>
## </html>

And, show the markup errors:

invisible(tidy_html(url("https://rud.is/test/untidy.html"), verbose=TRUE))
## line 1 column 1 - Warning: missing <!DOCTYPE> declaration
## line 1 column 68 - Warning: nested emphasis <b>
## line 1 column 138 - Warning: missing </span> before <div>
## line 1 column 68 - Warning: missing </b> before <div>
## line 1 column 164 - Warning: inserting implicit <span>
## line 1 column 164 - Warning: missing </span>
## line 1 column 159 - Warning: missing </div>
## line 1 column 1 - Warning: inserting missing 'title' element
## line 1 column 164 - Warning: <span> anchor "sp" already defined
## Info: Document content looks like XHTML5
## Tidy found 9 warnings and 0 errors!

Testing Options

opts <- list(TidyDocType="html5",
             TidyMakeClean=TRUE,
             TidyHideComments=TRUE,
             TidyIndentContent=FALSE,
             TidyWrapLen=200)

txt <- "<html>
<head>
      <style>
        p { color: red; }
      </style>
    <body>
          <!-- ===== body ====== -->
         <p>Test</p>

    </body>
        <!--Default Zone
        -->
        <!--Default Zone End-->
</html>"

cat(tidy_html(txt, option=opts))
## <!DOCTYPE html>
## <html>
## <head>
## <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for HTML5 for R version 5.0.0">
## <style>
##         p { color: red; }
## </style>
## <title></title>
## </head>
## <body>
## <p>Test</p>
## </body>
## </html>

But, you’re probably better off running it on plain HTML source.

Since it’s C/C++-backed, it’s pretty fast:

book <- readLines("http://singlepageappbook.com/single-page.html")
sum(map_int(book, nchar))
## [1] 207501
system.time(tidy_book <- tidy_html(book))
##    user  system elapsed 
##   0.019   0.000   0.019

(It’s usually between 20 & 25 milliseconds to process those 202 kilobytes of HTML.) Not too shabby.

htmltidy Metrics

Lang # Files (%) LoC (%) Blank lines (%) # Lines (%)
C 27 0.34 28639 0.81 4700 0.77 4325 0.59
C/C++ Header 37 0.47 5796 0.16 1227 0.20 2677 0.36
C++ 4 0.05 647 0.02 117 0.02 64 0.01
R 10 0.13 151 0.00 38 0.01 235 0.03
Rmd 1 0.01 47 0.00 44 0.01 82 0.01

Code of Conduct

Please note that this project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct. By participating in this project you agree to abide by its terms.