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[![Project Status: Active – The project has reached a stable, usable
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state and is being actively
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developed.](https://www.repostatus.org/badges/latest/active.svg)](https://www.repostatus.org/#active)
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[![Signed
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by](https://img.shields.io/badge/Keybase-Verified-brightgreen.svg)](https://keybase.io/hrbrmstr)
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![Signed commit
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%](https://img.shields.io/badge/Signed_Commits-100%25-lightgrey.svg)
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[![Linux build
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Status](https://travis-ci.org/hrbrmstr/ulid.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/hrbrmstr/ulid)
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[![Windows build
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status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/github/hrbrmstr/ulid?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/hrbrmstr/ulid)
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[![Coverage
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Status](https://codecov.io/gh/hrbrmstr/ulid/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/hrbrmstr/ulid)
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[![cran
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checks](https://cranchecks.info/badges/worst/ulid)](https://cranchecks.info/pkgs/ulid)
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[![CRAN
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status](https://www.r-pkg.org/badges/version/ulid)](https://www.r-pkg.org/pkg/ulid)
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![Minimal R
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Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/R%3E%3D-3.2.0-blue.svg)
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![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)
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# ulid
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Universally Unique Lexicographically Sortable Identifiers
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## Description
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(grifted from <https://github.com/ulid/spec>)
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UUID can be suboptimal for many uses-cases because:
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- It isn’t the most character efficient way of encoding 128 bits of
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randomness
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- UUID v1/v2 is impractical in many environments, as it requires
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access to a unique, stable MAC address
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- UUID v3/v5 requires a unique seed and produces randomly distributed
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IDs, which can cause fragmentation in many data structures
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- UUID v4 provides no other information than randomness which can
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cause fragmentation in many data structures
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Instead, herein is proposed ULID:
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``` javascript
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ulid() // 01ARZ3NDEKTSV4RRFFQ69G5FAV
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```
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- 128-bit compatibility with UUID
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- 1.21e+24 unique ULIDs per millisecond
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- Lexicographically sortable\!
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- Canonically encoded as a 26 character string, as opposed to the 36
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character UUID
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- Uses Crockford’s base32 for better efficiency and readability (5
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bits per character)
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- Case insensitive
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- No special characters (URL safe)
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- Monotonic sort order (correctly detects and handles the same
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millisecond)
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<!-- end list -->
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```
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01AN4Z07BY 79KA1307SR9X4MV3
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|----------| |----------------|
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Timestamp Randomness
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48bits 80bits
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```
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### Components
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**Timestamp** - 48 bit integer - UNIX-time in milliseconds - Won’t run
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out of space till the year 10889 AD.
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**Randomness** - 80 bits - Cryptographically secure source of
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randomness, if possible
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### Sorting
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The left-most character must be sorted first, and the right-most
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character sorted last (lexical order). The default ASCII character set
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must be used. Within the same millisecond, sort order is not guaranteed.
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## What’s Inside The Tin
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The following functions are implemented:
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- `ts_generate`: Generate ULIDs from timestamps
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- `ULIDgenerate`: Generate ULID
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- `unmarshal`: Unmarshal a ULID into a data frame with timestamp and
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random bitstring columns
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## Installation
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``` r
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install.packages("ulid", repos = "https://cinc.rud.is")
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# or
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remotes::install_git("https://git.rud.is/hrbrmstr/ulid.git")
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# or
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remotes::install_git("https://git.sr.ht/~hrbrmstr/ulid")
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# or
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remotes::install_gitlab("hrbrmstr/ulid")
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# or
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remotes::install_bitbucket("hrbrmstr/ulid")
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# or
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remotes::install_github("hrbrmstr/ulid")
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```
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NOTE: To use the ‘remotes’ install options you will need to have the
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[{remotes} package](https://github.com/r-lib/remotes) installed.
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## Usage
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``` r
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library(ulid)
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# current verison
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packageVersion("ulid")
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## [1] '0.3.0'
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```
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### One
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``` r
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ulid::ULIDgenerate()
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## [1] "0001EKRGEEV98QP062VNRX31P2"
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```
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### Many
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``` r
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(u <- ulid::ULIDgenerate(20))
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## [1] "0001EKRGEEV5XMP54RRRWAK318" "0001EKRGEEKX7VC0PF75AZJXHP" "0001EKRGEEXENNCQEH4KCH8QAD" "0001EKRGEEY41HJ6GMXRV1BQBA"
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## [5] "0001EKRGEE6HVD7ACWZ52MTVCJ" "0001EKRGEEQWXMPXGC0DGQN32B" "0001EKRGEE6W13BK92EF1RXYT7" "0001EKRGEE5A31H38NJFGTK8PC"
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## [9] "0001EKRGEEG2GXS53QY9F3M0A9" "0001EKRGEEDA3Y6Y0T52WTS6RM" "0001EKRGEE5WS2S3D9KY3F5H9Y" "0001EKRGEE24SZW5NATAADAY9Q"
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## [13] "0001EKRGEEBEG51QCKXPM8ZS16" "0001EKRGEE1ZC1QY7RCJR9VJ0B" "0001EKRGEECJ50Z4FXM4HW6XWG" "0001EKRGEEER84JP8WTXV5DWV8"
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## [17] "0001EKRGEEW3ABA82GZSRXN1RB" "0001EKRGEEAA60CYFGR8832JD6" "0001EKRGEE6W5ARCFHH6T75FPZ" "0001EKRGEE5WT4XNP7NS69BM3X"
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```
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### Unmarshal
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``` r
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unmarshal(u)
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## ts rnd
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## 1 2019-07-27 08:21:34 V5XMP54RRRWAK318
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## 2 2019-07-27 08:21:34 KX7VC0PF75AZJXHP
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## 3 2019-07-27 08:21:34 XENNCQEH4KCH8QAD
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## 4 2019-07-27 08:21:34 Y41HJ6GMXRV1BQBA
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## 5 2019-07-27 08:21:34 6HVD7ACWZ52MTVCJ
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## 6 2019-07-27 08:21:34 QWXMPXGC0DGQN32B
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## 7 2019-07-27 08:21:34 6W13BK92EF1RXYT7
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## 8 2019-07-27 08:21:34 5A31H38NJFGTK8PC
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## 9 2019-07-27 08:21:34 G2GXS53QY9F3M0A9
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## 10 2019-07-27 08:21:34 DA3Y6Y0T52WTS6RM
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## 11 2019-07-27 08:21:34 5WS2S3D9KY3F5H9Y
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## 12 2019-07-27 08:21:34 24SZW5NATAADAY9Q
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## 13 2019-07-27 08:21:34 BEG51QCKXPM8ZS16
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## 14 2019-07-27 08:21:34 1ZC1QY7RCJR9VJ0B
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## 15 2019-07-27 08:21:34 CJ50Z4FXM4HW6XWG
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## 16 2019-07-27 08:21:34 ER84JP8WTXV5DWV8
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## 17 2019-07-27 08:21:34 W3ABA82GZSRXN1RB
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## 18 2019-07-27 08:21:34 AA60CYFGR8832JD6
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## 19 2019-07-27 08:21:34 6W5ARCFHH6T75FPZ
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## 20 2019-07-27 08:21:34 5WT4XNP7NS69BM3X
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```
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### Use defined timestamps
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``` r
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(ut <- ts_generate(as.POSIXct("2017-11-01 15:00:00", origin="1970-01-01")))
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## [1] "0001CZM6DG2THKSAX3F1SF30E7"
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unmarshal(ut)
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## ts rnd
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## 1 2017-11-01 15:00:00 2THKSAX3F1SF30E7
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```
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## ulid Code Metrics
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``` r
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cloc::cloc_pkg_md()
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```
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| Lang | \# Files | (%) | LoC | (%) | Blank lines | (%) | \# Lines | (%) |
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| :----------- | -------: | ---: | --: | ---: | ----------: | ---: | -------: | ---: |
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| C/C++ Header | 3 | 0.27 | 763 | 0.86 | 238 | 0.71 | 302 | 0.53 |
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| C++ | 2 | 0.18 | 87 | 0.10 | 22 | 0.07 | 37 | 0.06 |
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| Rmd | 2 | 0.18 | 22 | 0.02 | 66 | 0.20 | 137 | 0.24 |
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| R | 4 | 0.36 | 15 | 0.02 | 7 | 0.02 | 94 | 0.16 |
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## Code of Conduct
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Please note that this project is released with a Contributor Code of
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Conduct. By participating in this project you agree to abide by its
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terms.
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